中國烹壇十大假原料
中國烹壇十大假原料
先賢曾云：假作真是真亦假。娛樂圈裡，假胸假臀假臉橫行天下，而在餐飲業裡，假貨也稱得上是色香味俱全，號稱來自世界各地的假原料假調料假名牌，聯手炒出一堂假模假式的滿漢假席。
假燕窩
根據慢餐的原則，越是純手工的食品越昂貴。燕窩是“純嘴工”製品，更是無法進行工業化流手作業。物以稀為貴，這也為造假者提供了無限的商機。
據悉，2006年全球燕窩產量約為1000噸，香港地區每年消耗的燕窩總量為250噸左右，即使燕窩消費起步較晚的我國台灣，每年的市場消費總量也在150噸以上。從2002年開始，大陸燕窩市場消費額以年60％的速度增長，別說中高檔餐廳，就連北京理工大學旁邊的一個人均消費30元的家常菜館，都有燕鮑翅檔，“全民皆燕窩”一點都不誇張。餐館裡吃的，超市裡賣的，藥品裡添加的，如此大的市場佔有率，憑藉從全球市場中分出的這幾百噸份額，哪裡架得住悠悠眾“口”？某餐飲企業老大曾就此放言，市場上的燕窩有90%以上都是假貨。
那麼，假燕窩都是怎麼出爐的呢？
染色燕窩：不法商人利用低價之白燕漂染或煙熏成紅色或黃色，來充當較高價血燕窩或黃燕窩出售。
塗料燕窩：一般出現於盞類燕窩，製作者通常會於燕盞表面塗上麵粉、雞蛋、魚膠粉、膠粉、樹膠、漿糊，或其它有膠質的材料。此等膠水物質略帶醋味及浸水後會較混濁及帶小許粘性，令原來雜亂鬆散的囊絲更加緊密，而燕盞表面就密不透風，反光密實，令燕盞不易斷裂，最大利潤是直接令燕窩重量高出20%～30%。
海藻燕窩：多出現在市面上所售賣的燕餅或燕絲餅，因為海藻變成絲條狀，經漂白後加入在燕餅或燕絲中會較難發覺，海藻燕窩顏色實白、少光澤、質粗堅硬。
假神戶牛肉
神戶牛肉號稱“世界最貴”，據說神戶牛在生長期間不僅要喝啤酒、聽音樂，每天還要享受人工按摩。因此神戶牛肉與我們平時見到的牛肉不同，沒有明顯的肥瘦之分，紅肉與白脂肪的分佈細密均勻，口感也要嫩滑許多。其售價之高在世界上也是屈指可數，據說頂級牛肉每斤售價能達到5000元左右，以其製作的成菜，三兩神戶牛肉賣到四五百元很正常，一盤價格888元的神戶牛肉，重量僅在200克上下。
中國富人的消費邏輯一向是但求最貴，不求最好，而當神戶牛肉這個集最好與最貴為一體的頂級牛肉現身之後，更是引來富豪粉絲無數。
實際上，因為瘋牛病等原因，我國已經禁止從日本進口牛肉4年多，奇怪的是幾乎所有日式餐廳都在銷售“神戶牛肉”，而且絕大部分都宣稱“日本進口”。事實果真如此嗎？業內人士披露，這些所謂的“日本原裝”神戶牛肉，或者是來自澳大利亞神戶牛，或者乾脆就是雜交品種，某高檔餐廳的經理曾神秘地告訴筆者，其實他們餐廳所賣的神戶牛肉，一半血統來自東北黃牛。
假XO酒
這標準一旦牽扯到英文字母，就容易令人肅然起敬，就難免不讓不識英文26字母的國人暈頭轉向。
要想知道啥是XO，得先明白啥叫白蘭地。白蘭地是一種蒸餾酒，以葡萄為原料，經過果汁的自然發釀、蒸餾、第二次蒸餾，最後裝入橡木桶儲藏。儲藏時間越長，酒質越好。白蘭地在裝瓶出售時，在瓶身或標籤上用等級符號來表示酒的儲藏時間：一星★（5年）、二星★★（10年）、三星★★★（15年）、VO（ 15年以上）、VSO（20年以上）、VSOP（25年以上）、FOP（30年以上）、XO（40年以上）、Extra（50年以上）。儲存時間越長的酒越稀少，這種稀少的酒不僅自身價值高，其酒瓶和酒標也同樣具有很高的觀賞和收藏價值。
所以，說到底，XO就是白蘭地酒的一個等級，XO就是40年以上陳年老酒的英文縮寫。
法國一位製售XO酒的老闆來到中國之後大為驚奇，中國人喝酒每次每人平均１～2瓶是常事，哪來這麼多的XO？法國每一年葡萄的產量，每一個年份的XO酒的數量都是有數據可查的，僅在中國銷售的XO酒，量大得都可以消耗掉全法國地下酒窖的存貨，而這東西是需要40年以上年華滋潤，想現造都來不及！由此可想而知，充斥我們市面的多數XO酒都是一些什麼貨色。
假魚翅
哪個高檔宴席上若是沒有魚翅做主角，嘿，您還真不對這張嘴！
魚翅還真稱得上是老少咸宜，高檔餐館裡上千元一盅的黃燜翅富豪們哭著喊著要買單，而幾十元一盅的魚翅撈飯也讓下里巴人們過了一把陽春白雪的癮。問題來了：市面上質量最差的“五烊翅”皮多翅少，至少也得500元/斤，質量好的勾翅（分翅）則需要幾千元，所以一盅幾兩的魚翅湯按成本價，至少也得120元以上，五六十元的標準就能吃到魚翅？買的沒有賣的精，哪個商家也不會做這種賠本買賣。所以呢，用魚膠、明膠、化學添加劑等做成的膠體合成物——人造魚翅快樂出籠，每斤售價才不過20元～30元，很多酒店出售的魚翅湯，一般是先將少量的魚翅蒸到一定火候，然後再將人造魚翅加入其中。一袋假魚翅可以調出8～10碗“魚翅湯”，以一碗賣到398元為例，假魚翅可以輕鬆獲利幾千元。所以，魚翅不愧是造假者眼中的頭牌，這生意，穩賺不賠。
假橄欖油
給一些橄欖油定義為“假”，它們可能覺得冤：難道我們不是來自橄欖嗎？難道我們不能炒菜美容嗎？難道……可是一千個一萬個“難道”也無法否認這個問題：難道你們不知道，在歐洲，橄欖油的名稱按照其等級只能為特級初榨橄欖油、優極初榨橄欖油、普通初榨橄欖油嗎？至於國內那些“混血橄欖油”，什麼“超級純質橄欖油”、“原生橄欖油”、“橄欖葵花油”、“烹調橄欖油”，都不符合有關橄欖油的標準。
進口橄欖油的原標籤大部分用英文，很多國內消費者無法看懂，某些廠家就利用這一點在名稱的翻譯上做起了文章，魚目混珠，以次充好。比如，標示“油橄欖果渣油”的橄欖油，是從油橄欖果渣中提煉出油，再和初榨橄欖油混合。這種油質量比較低，國際橄欖油理事會2003年頒布的《橄欖油和油橄欖果渣油貿易標準》規定，它在任何情況下都不能稱橄欖油。
說句繞口令：吃到你肚子裡的橄欖油是真正的橄欖油還是打著橄欖油旗號不是橄欖油的“橄欖油”？
假魚子醬
有人說，魚子醬的奢侈從它沒有產生就開始了。我們常可以在好萊塢電影裡看到，有多少人因為一個家庭PARTY的自助冷餐中提供了黑魚子醬而大贊主人的多金且慷慨。
事實上，在國際貿易中，來自俄羅斯的黑魚子醬不是被某個財大氣粗的人預定走，就是用專門的輪船或是直升飛機運到定購者那裡。真正魚子醬的定義之精確、嚴格一如香檳：所有貨真價實的魚子醬都產自伊朗以北及俄羅斯以南的里海或黑海海域中的鱘魚。
標準如此簡單、清晰，卻仍有大量假魚子醬充斥市場，這大概來自這個黑色黃金的獨特魅力——金錢的魅力。
目前市場上以“魚子醬”的名字出售的，多數為其他魚類的卵，如鮭魚的紅色或粉紅色魚子、圓鰭魚的黑色小粒質硬魚子、鯔魚和白魚的小粒金黃色魚子，鯡魚卵則用墨魚汁染黑。現在市面上廉價的魚子醬多是染色的產品，作為鱘魚魚子醬的替代品。
這些魚子醬價格低廉，極大地滿足了那些家常餐館“攀龍附鳳”的心理，於是，一份一二十元的上湯娃娃菜或水蒸蛋裡也能見到“魚子醬”的倩影。
假有機
有機食品是近兩年來最時尚的詞彙，它是從英文Organic Food直譯過來的，也被稱為“生態食品”或“生物食品”等。所謂的“有機”，是指採取一種有機的耕作和加工方式，在生產和加工過程中必須嚴格遵循有機食品生產、採集、加工、包裝、貯藏、運輸標準，禁止使用化學合成的農藥、化肥、激素、抗生素、食品添加劑等，禁止使用基因工程技術及該技術的產物及其衍生物。目前國內市場銷售的有機食品主要是蔬菜、大米、茶葉、蜂蜜等。根據對北京和上海有機食品市場的調查，有機食品比普通食品的價格一般高出30％～80％，有機蔬菜的價格為普通蔬菜的2～3倍。
正因為一打上有機，那售價就打著滾翻著倍往上漲，於是，一時間，你也有機我也有機，天下有機。從前幾年的有機魚頭到近幾年的有機大米、有機蔬菜，甚至還出現了全部以有機食品為原料的有機餐廳——其售價不難想像，會令普通老百姓難以靠近。當然，如果是真的有機，消費者也認了，就怕遇到假有機，真李逵也沒轍。
假蟲草
冬蟲夏草是保健品市場上常年旺銷的產品，也是高檔宴席的常客，只需短短兩三根，就可以令一道普通的菜餚身價百倍。上世紀六十年代前，我國冬蟲夏草的年產量約為200噸上下；由於狂挖濫採，到本世紀初的年產量已經到了約為100噸以內的程度。現在，隨著青藏線的開通和冬蟲夏草作用的獨特、價格的上揚，冬蟲夏草的年產量還將持續銳減。目前大規格的冬蟲夏草每克價格高達200多元，高於每克180元的黃金；甚至有不少藥商攬貨囤積，炒起了冬蟲夏草。
而最原始和最笨的製假方法是用撒鐵粉或泡水的方法來增加冬蟲夏草的重量，之後，制假者又常用加水銀和其它重金屬的方法來浸泡冬蟲夏草，這種方法泡出的產品，不但每公斤可以增加一斤左右，而且顏色好看，很有賣相；現在，有不少制假者用亞香蟲草、香棒蟲草、涼山蟲草、地蠶等真菌製作偽蟲草。在市面上充斥假冒偽劣的蟲草，用澱粉、可塑劑、膠泥或有毒的化學原料，按冬蟲夏草的模子精心加工而成的產品，已經達到以假亂真的地步。
假陽澄湖大閘蟹
它可以稱得上是華夏大地上，歷史悠久、品牌卓越的首席假貨。在真與假的鬥爭中，生動地展示著什麼叫“上有政策，下有對策”、“道高一尺，魔高一丈”，每年一到八九月份，花樣繁多的防偽手段成為媒體關注的焦點、百姓心中的重點、餐館顧客飯後消遣的甜點，從最初防君子不防小人的“防偽標籤”，到後來的電話防偽密碼、手鐲、戒指……把大閘蟹打扮得跟大款似的。結果，假貨依然讓人賺得盆滿缽滿，真貨呢？只在此湖中，水深不知處。
Chinese cuisine altar of raw materials at 10
Sages have cloud: Jiazuo is true also false. Entertainment circles, fake chest false buttocks false face over the world, and in the restaurant industry, fakes also be called for sale, which claims from around the world the false material false seasoning fake brand-name, a false joint Chao Chu-leave-Man-Han I leave.
Fake bird's nest
According to the Slow Food principles, the more pure hand of the more expensive food. Bird's nest is a "pure mouth workers" products, is unable to work hand-industrialization.物以稀为贵, which also provided false unlimited business opportunities.
It is learnt that the 2006 global production was about 1,000 tons of bird's nest, bird's nest in the total annual consumption of 250 tons, even if the bird's nest consumption of China's late start in Taiwan, the annual total consumption market is also more than 150 tons. Beginning in 2002, the mainland consumer market for a bird's nest, 60 percent of the speed of growth, let alone in high-end restaurants, even the Beijing Institute of Technology next to a 30 yuan per capita consumption of dishes Hall, the stalls have Bao Chi-yan, "the people are Bird's nest "is not an exaggeration. Eat in the restaurants, supermarkets sold, adding the drugs, such a large market share, by virtue of separation from the global market share of the hundreds of tons, there is maintained long-minority "population" » Food companies have a lead on this Fang Yan, on the market are more than 90 percent of the nests are fakes.
So, how are fake bird's nest? Latest »
Stained bird's nest: the unscrupulous traders use of low-priced Bai Yan dyeing or smoked a yellow or red, the higher price of blood to serve as bird's nest or yellow bird's nest for sale.
Paint bird's nest: the general category seen in the beacon bird's nest, usually produced in the painted surface-yan beacon of flour, eggs, fish powder, powder, gum, paste, a resin or other materials. These glue material Cuwei and slightly more turbid water will bring small-and viscous, the original mess of loose wire capsule more closely, and Yan beacon on the surface airtight, reflective dense, Yan beacon difficult to fault, the largest Profits are directly above the weight of the bird's nest 20 percent to 30 percent.
Seaweed nests: multi appear in the market by selling the Yan-yan silk pie or cake, because the algae into a silk Strip, joined by bleaching or cake in the Yan-yan will be more difficult to find in silk, seaweed nests color is white, less shiny, quality Rough hard.
Leave Kobe beef
Kobe beef known as "the highest in the world," said Kobe beef in growth during the period not only drink beer, listen to music, but also to enjoy a day of massage. So Kobe beef and beef we usually see different, no clear distinction between the Feishou, red meat and white fat evenly distributed fine, Nenhua taste to many. Its high price is also very few in the world, said the top price of beef per catty to reach about 5,000 yuan, 10% of its production of vegetables, beef sold on March 2, Kobe Siwu Bai yuan normal, a price of 888 Yuan of Kobe beef, weighing only 200 grams from top to bottom.
China's consumption of the rich but to the logic is always the most expensive, not to do the best, and when Kobe beef with the best of this collection as one of the most expensive top beef coming out, the Regal is attracted numerous fans.
In fact, because of mad cow disease and other reasons, China has banned imports of beef from Japan more than four years, surprised that almost all Japanese restaurant in sales, "Kobe beef", but the majority have declared that "Japan's imports." Fact the case? » Disclosure of the industry, these so-called "Japan's original" Kobe beef, or Kobe beef from Australia, or simply is the hybrid varieties, a high-end restaurant's manager had told the mysterious author, in fact, they sold the restaurant by the Kobe beef, Descent from the northeast half of cattle.
XO fake liquor
This involves the standard once the letters, it is easy is awe inevitably from 26 English letters do not know the people confused.
To know that span is XO, in the first understand Shajiao brandy. Brandy is a distillation of wine to grape as raw materials, natural fruit juice after the brewing, distillation, the second distillation, the last load of oak barrel storage. The longer storage, better quality wine. Brandy bottle in the sale, or in the bottle on the label rating symbols used to express the liquor store: a Star ★ (5), Er-Xing ★ ★ (10), Samsung ★ ★ ★ (15年), VO ( 15 and above), VSO (20 years), VSOP (25 years), FOP (30 years), XO (40 years), Extra (50 years). Save the longer the wine more scarce, this rare wine not only their own values, their standard bottle of liquor and also has high ornamental value and collectors.
Therefore, in the final analysis, XO cognac is a hierarchy, XO is aged 40 and above Laojiu the stands.
France XO wine making and selling a boss has to come to China after the surprise, the Chinese people to drink every one to two per person on average bottle is routine, Nalai so many of XO? France's grape production each year, every year the number of XO wine are for which data are available, only sold in China's XO wine, a large quantity can be consumed in the entire stock of French underground cellars, which East and West Is over age 40 need moisture, would have made too late now! This can be imagined, filled with the majority of our market XO wine are what goods.
Fake shark's fin
If any high-end banquet on the shark fin do not protagonist, hey, you really Zhe Zhangzui wrong!
Attractions really be called a shark's fin, high-end restaurants on the'000 Yizhong Huang rapid fin rich cried shouted to pay, and dozens of shark's fin Laofan yuan Yizhong also under Liba people after a spring snow The addiction. Problems: the worst quality of the market, "Yang five wings," Paper wings little more, at least in the 500 yuan / jin, the quality of a good hook-fin (sub-fin) will need a few thousand dollars, so the two Yizhong several shark's fin soup At cost price, at least in the 120 yuan more than the standard 50 to 60 yuan will be able to eat shark's fin » Not to buy the sale of sperm and which businesses would not do such a loss trading. So, with Yu Jiao, gelatin, made of chemical additives, such as colloidal compounds - came out a happy man-made shark's fin, but only per catty at 20 yuan to 30 yuan, many hotels sell the shark's fin soup, is generally a small number of first The steamed shark's fin to a certain heat, then the artificial shark fin to join. A bag of fake shark's fin can be retrieved from 8 to 10 bowls of "shark's fin soup" to sell a bowl of 398 yuan as an example, shark fins can easily leave a few thousand dollars profit. Therefore, shark fin is indeed false, the eyes of the first card, this business, a profit is not compensable.
Fake olive oil
Some olive oil is defined as "false", they may feel that the reprisal: Are we not from the olives? » Can we not cooking beauty? » Is…… But 1000 10000 "Is" can not be denied that this question: Are you do not know, in Europe, the name of olive oil in accordance with their grades can only be the beginning of premium extra virgin olive oil, extra virgin olive oil beginning of a very gifted, General Extra Virgin Olive Oil? » As for the domestic those "mixed olive oil," what "super-quality olive oil", "native olive oil," "Olive Kuihua You" and "cooking oil," not in conformity with the standards of the olive oil.
Olive oil imports most of the original label in English, many domestic consumers can not understand, some manufacturers to take advantage of this in the name of the translation start of the article, Yumuhunzhu, Yicichonghao. For example, labeled "Olive fruit residue," olive oil is extracted from Guozha to Olive oil, and then the beginning of extra virgin olive oil mixture. This relatively low-quality oil, the International Olive Oil Council in 2003 promulgated the "Olive fruit and olive oil residue trade standards", that it will under no circumstances can not be said of olive oil.
To be Raokou Ling: eat your stomach is true of olive oil or olive oil instead of olive oil under the oil under the banner of "olive oil" »
Fake caviar
Some people say that caviar from the luxury it does not have started. We often can be seen in Hollywood movies, the number of people because of a family of self-help Lengcan PARTY provided in the black caviar and praising the owner and the more generous.
In fact, in international trade, from the Russian black caviar is not a Caitaiqicu people were scheduled to go is to use specialized vessels or helicopters were sent to order there. Truly precise definition of caviar, champagne as strict: all out-of Iranian caviar are produced in the north and south of the Russian Black Sea waters of the Caspian Sea or the sturgeon.
Standards so simple, clear, there are still large number of fake caviar flooding the market, probably from the black gold's unique charm - the charm of money.
On the market "caviar" the names of the sale, most of the eggs of other fish such as salmon, red or pink Yuzi, round black fin fish of the small hardware Yuzi, mullets and whitefish of the small gold Yuzi, Herring roe is used squid juice Ranhei. Now the market is cheap caviar and more staining products, as sturgeon caviar substitute.
These low prices of caviar, great to meet those home-restaurant "Panlongfufeng" psychological, therefore, a Yier Shi-yuan on the doll Steaming food or water, can also see the "caviar" Qian Ying.
Organic leave
Organic food is the last two years, the most fashionable terms, it is from the literal translation from English Organic Food, also known as "eco-food" or "bio-food". The so-called "organic" refers to an organic farming and processing methods, in the process of production and processing must strictly follow the organic food production, collection, processing, packaging, storage, transport standards, prohibit the use of synthetic chemical pesticides, chemical fertilizers, Hormones, antibiotics, food additives, such as prohibiting the use of genetic engineering technology and the technology of the product and its derivatives. At present the domestic market sales of organic food is mainly vegetables, rice, tea, honey, and so on. According to Beijing and Shanghai, a survey of organic food market, organic food than ordinary food prices generally higher than the 30 percent to 80 percent, organic vegetables for the price of ordinary vegetables, two to three times.
It is precisely because of a bear organic, at times on the Dazhao Gun Fanzhe to rise, therefore, for a time, you also organic I also organic, organic world. The past few years the organic head to the last few years of organic rice, organic vegetables, and even has all the raw materials for organic foods to the organic restaurant - the price it is not difficult to imagine that ordinary people will be difficult to close. Of course, if it is really organic, consumers also identified, afraid of fake encounter organic, really Li Kui also Mozhe.
False Cordyceps
Cordyceps sinensis is a health products on the market of products旺销year, is the frequent high-end banquet, just a short span of 23, you can make an ordinary dishes worth 100 times. In the 1960s, China Cordyceps sinensis about 200 tons of annual production from top to bottom; because of mad-dug Lancai, to the beginning of this century has come to the annual output of about 100 tons less than the level. Now, with the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet line and the unique role of Cordyceps sinensis, the price rose, Cordyceps sinensis the sharp drop in annual production will continue. At present the specifications of the Cordyceps price per gram of up to more than 200 yuan, 180 yuan higher per gram of gold, or even a number of medicine dealers Lanhuo hoarding, speculation has played a Cordyceps.
The most original and the most stupid way is to spread the manufacture and sale of iron or Paoshui ways to increase the weight of Cordyceps sinensis, after counterfeiters also commonly used mercury and other heavy metals and ways to soak Cordyceps sinensis, this approach to foam products Not only can increase per kg Yijin around, and colors look good, it is selling phase now, many counterfeiters with Asia-Chinese caterpillar fungus, Cordyceps incense stick, Liangshan Cordyceps, Decan production of counterfeit Chinese caterpillar fungus and other fungi. In the market full of fake and shoddy Chinese caterpillar fungus, and starch, plastic agents, clay or toxic chemicals, according to the Cordyceps sinensis from the mold carefully processing products, has reached the stage confused as real ones.
False Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs
It can be called on the great land of China, has a long history, excellent brand chief fakes. In truth and falsehood in the fight, vividly show what is meant by "on the policy, there are countermeasures," "Road force Mogaoyizhang", in a year to Bajiu Yue, many tricks of the security tool, became a media The focus of attention, the focus of the hearts of the people, restaurants, entertainment customers of the dessert after a meal, from the initial anti-gentlemen's not anti-villain of the "security label", to the subsequent telephone security password, bracelets, rings…… the big crabs dress Degen Of the like. The results, fakes are still making pots full bowl people over, the real goods? » Only in this lake, I do not know the depth.
